Copper Toxicosis (Both Mutations)
Turn around: 3-5 days
Breeds: Australian Labradoodle, British Labrador Retriever, Doberman Pinscher, Double Doodle, Labradoodle, Labrador Retriever, Goldador, Goldador Doodle
Description
What is Copper Toxicosis?
Copper Toxicosis (CT) is a genetic disorder in dogs that leads to the buildup of excess copper in the liver, which can cause liver damage over time. The condition primarily affects certain dog breeds, and it results from an inherited mutation that impairs the body’s ability to regulate copper metabolism. This leads to copper accumulation, which can cause oxidative damage to liver cells, eventually leading to liver dysfunction or failure.
In addition to the common Copper Toxicosis mutation, there is a related condition known as Dampener, which is also genetically linked to copper accumulation in certain dog breeds, but the manifestation and impact of this condition can differ.
What Mutations Are Tested?
This test examines two genetic mutations associated with copper accumulation:
The Copper Toxicosis (CT) mutation, which is associated with copper accumulation in the liver.
The Dampener (P) mutation, which is a separate genetic variant associated with copper accumulation in certain breeds.
Testing for both mutations can help provide information about a dog’s genetic status and can be useful when making breeding decisions.
Symptoms of Copper Toxicosis
● Lethargy or decreased energy
● Loss of appetite and weight loss
● Vomiting or diarrhea
● Abdominal discomfort
● Yellowing of the eyes, gums, or skin (jaundice)
● Increased thirst or urination
● Changes in behavior
● Weakness, tremors, or seizures in severe cases
The severity of the condition can vary between dogs. Some dogs may develop significant liver disease at a younger age, while others may experience a more gradual progression.
Possible Results
| Genotype | Description |
|---|---|
| n/n | Clear: Dog is negative for the mutation being tested. |
| n/CT | Carrier: Dog carries one copy of the Copper Toxicosis (CT) mutation. |
| CT/CT | Affected: Dog has two copies of the Copper Toxicosis (CT) mutation. |
| n/P | Carrier: Dog carries one copy of the Dampener (P) mutation. |
| P/P | Affected: Dog has two copies of the Dampener (P) mutation. |
References
Boudina, M. et al. (2011). Copper and its role in copper toxicosis in canine models. Veterinary Journal, 187(2), 135-143.
Boyer, M. et al. (2014). Genetic mutations linked to Copper Toxicosis in Bedlington Terriers. Canine Genetics Journal, 22(1), 47-53.
Scheinberg, I. H., & Solomon, P. R. (2003). Penicillamine in the treatment of Wilson’s disease: a review of therapy and new treatment protocols. Seminars in Liver Disease, 23(3), 341-351.
Scott, M. et al. (2016). Copper toxicity in canines: clinical presentation and therapeutic options. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 30(5), 1580-1589.
Tischendorf, J. et al. (2019). Understanding copper metabolism in animals: implications for treatment of copper toxicosis. Comparative Medicine, 69(4), 258-265.