Distichiasis

Description

What is Diastasis in Horses?
Diastasis is a condition in horses where there is an abnormal gap or separation between the epaxial muscles (the muscles along the spine) and the lumbar vertebrae. This condition primarily affects the longissimus dorsi and other muscles that provide strength and support to the back and spine. When these muscles do not develop or function properly, it leads to instability in the back and spine, which may cause pain and discomfort. This condition can negatively affect the horse’s performance and overall health.

Diastasis is a genetic condition that has been found to be associated with mutations in specific genes responsible for the development of the musculoskeletal system, including the collagen formation and muscle development genes. However, it is still an area of ongoing research, and there is no single identified gene responsible for all cases of Diastasis. Some cases may also be multifactorial, meaning that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of the condition.

While the exact genetic cause is still under investigation, some researchers believe mutations in genes related to collagen synthesis and muscle tissue may play a role in creating an increased risk for diastasis.

Symptoms of Diastasis
Horses with Diastasis can exhibit a variety of symptoms, which may include:

-Back pain and stiffness: Horses may show signs of discomfort, especially when saddled or during exercise. They might exhibit reluctance to work or stiffen in their back when under pressure.

-Difficulty with movement: Horses may demonstrate abnormal gait patterns, such as a reluctance to bend their back or a stiff stride.

-Performance issues: Horses with Diastasis may struggle with activities that require flexibility or strength in the back, such as jumping, galloping, or turning.

-Muscle atrophy: Over time, a horse may develop muscle wasting in the back or hindquarters due to the improper use of the back muscles.

-Posture changes: The horse may develop a dropped back or hollow appearance in the back, often due to the weakening of the muscles that support the spine.

The symptoms can vary in severity, and some horses may show only mild signs, while others may develop significant pain and issues with movement.

What Age to Expect Symptoms?
Diastasis can manifest at any age but is often first noticed in young horses between the ages of 2 and 5 years. Symptoms can be subtle in early stages and may not be recognized immediately. If left undiagnosed and untreated, the condition may worsen over time, and the horse may develop chronic back pain and muscular weakness.
In older horses, symptoms may become more severe, leading to significant performance limitations and chronic discomfort.

How to Manage Diastasis in Horses
While there is no cure for Diastasis, several strategies can be implemented to help manage the condition and improve the horse’s quality of life:

-A veterinarian should be consulted for a proper diagnosis. In many cases, veterinary specialists may use advanced imaging techniques (such as X-rays, ultrasound, or MRI) to assess the extent of the muscle separation or other spinal abnormalities.

-Muscle and joint support can be provided through treatments such as anti-inflammatory medications, pain relievers, and other therapies to manage symptoms.

-Physical therapy and rehabilitation exercises can be effective in strengthening the muscles around the spine and helping to stabilize the back. A trained equine physiotherapist may recommend specific exercises to target the longissimus dorsi and other back muscles.

-Massage therapy and stretching techniques can also help improve muscle tone and reduce discomfort.

-Special saddle pads, back supports, or orthopedic equipment may help relieve pressure on the back and provide additional stability. Some horses may benefit from customized saddle fitting to reduce strain on the back muscles.

-Avoiding overexertion and gradually building the horse’s strength through controlled exercise routines can help improve their overall condition. This can include low-impact exercise such as walking or light trotting and should increase as the horse becomes stronger.

-Maintaining an ideal weight is essential to avoid added strain on the back muscles and spine. Horses with excessive weight may develop additional pressure on the affected area, exacerbating the symptoms.

How is Diastasis Diagnosed?
The diagnosis of Diastasis is typically made by a combination of clinical evaluation and genetic testing:

-A veterinarian will perform a thorough physical exam, assessing the horse’s gait, posture, and muscle condition. If the horse demonstrates signs of back pain or stiffness, further testing may be recommended.

-Genetic testing can confirm if a horse carries mutations associated with Diastasis, providing valuable information for breeding and management decisions. The test typically requires a simple sample, such as a cheek swab or blood sample.

-If necessary, further diagnostic imaging such as X-rays, ultrasound, or MRI can be used to visualize any separation of the spinal muscles or other structural issues in the back.